Department of Education - Murshidabad

New Education Policy (2020) and National Policy on Education (1986) state, “Mathematics should be visualised as a vehicle to train a child to think, analyse and articulate logically”. National Curriculum Framework - 2005 brought out by NCERT, states that the primary goal of Mathematics education is the mathematisation of a child’s thought process. These objectives can only be achieved if there is an opportunity of creating a scope of exploring, verifying and experimenting upon mathematical results by students themselves. Thus, there is a need of adopting an activity-oriented process rather than merely concentrating upon mastery of rules and formulae to do mathematical problems mechanically and pass out the examinations. There is a need to provide the learners with the scope for interaction, communication and representations of mathematical ideas by practising processes.

A mathematics laboratory can foster mathematical awareness, skill-building, positive attitude and learning by doing experiments in mathematics such as Algebra, Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Calculus, Coordinate Geometry, etc.

Objectives

Mathematics Lab is set up in the Department of Education to achieve the following objectives:

●     To provide prospective teachers with opportunities to make students understand the mathematical concept through active involvement in solving problems.

●     To help prospective teachers to make students think creatively and look for patterns and ask questions.

●     To develop an attitude of inquiry.

●     To discover the pattern for getting insight into the formulae.

●     To visualise algebraic and analytical results geometrically.

●     To design practical demonstrations of mathematical results/formulae or the concepts.

●     To encourage interactions amongst students and teachers through debate and discussions.

●     To encourage students to recognise, extend, and formulate patterns and enable them to pose problems in the form of conjectures.

Beneficiaries

All B.Ed. Students (Mathematics group) of the Department of Education have access to the Mathematics Lab with strict adherence to the SOPs. 

Procedures used in Mathematics Lab

The mathematics lab can contribute in various ways in teaching-learning of this subject. Some of them are as follows:

●     The student will get an opportunity to understand the abstract ideas/ concepts through concrete objects and situations.

●     The concepts of relations and functions can be easily understood by making working models by making arrow diagrams using wires.

●     Three-dimensional concepts can only be conceived by three-dimensional models in the laboratory, whereas it is complicated to understand these concepts on a blackboard.

●     The concept of a function and its inverse function becomes very clear by drawing their graphs using mathematical instruments and using the concept of the image about the line y = x, which can be done only in the laboratory.

●     It provides greater scope for individual participation in the processes of learning and becoming an autonomous learner.

Rules and Regulations

●     All the prospective teachers (Mathematics group) are allowed to use the Mathematics Lab.

●     All the prospective teachers are required to enter the log register every time before using the equipments.

●    Equipments issued to the students for specific purposes must be returned in good working condition after the use.

●     The lab in-charge is authorised to check the working condition of the issued equipments when it is returned.

●     Before using a piece of equipments for the first time, seek training from the Lab In-charge.

●     Food, drinks and refreshments are strictly prohibited in the lab.

●     Talking loudly and using mobile phones are not allowed in the lab.

●     Relocation and replacement of any equipments is not allowed.

●     While using the laboratory be considerate.

●     Immediately report the problems related to laboratory to the Lab In-charge, if any.

●     Users are expected to keep the lab neat, clean and tidy.

●     Users are free to provide their feedback in the suggestion book.

Timings of Mathematics Lab

The facilities in the Mathematics Lab are available during the working hours. Though, one period is allotted per week for B.Ed. students of mathematics group.

Psychology in general and Educational Psychology in particular are concerned with the scientific study of human learning. They play a significant role in teacher education and the teaching profession. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioural perspectives, allows one to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation and self-concept, and their role in learning. The field of educational psychology relies heavily on quantitative methods, including testing and measurement, to enhance educational activities related to instructional design, classroom management, and assessment, which serve to facilitate learning processes in various educational settings across the lifespan.

As per the guidelines of the NCTE (National Council of Teacher Education), the Department of Education has a well-equipped Psychology Laboratory. The laboratory is equipped with different apparatus/ equipments/tests/scales for conducting various psychological experiments. Psychological tests/scales (Verbal, non-verbal and performance tests) are available in the Lab to access creativity, personality, intelligence, aptitude, attitude, interest, etc. Pictures of eminent psychologists are also available in this Lab.

Objectives

Psychology Lab is set up in the Department of Education to achieve the following objectives:

●     To impart practical experiences in psychological concepts.

●     To familiarise with psychological equipments/tests/scales.

●     To acquaint yourself with standardised tests/scales based on relevant performance dimensions (Achievement, Intelligence, Personality, Attitude, Aptitude, Interest, Motivation, etc.)

●     To perform psychological experiments.

●     To train in various psychological assessment techniques.

●     To develop experimental skills in Psychology.

●     To provide training in administering, scoring and interpreting various psychological tests/scales.

●     To identify individual differences among their students using various psychological tests/scales.

●     To recognise psychological variables that influence the classroom environment and overall climate of an institution.

●     To create a psychologically sound and conducive teaching-learning environment.

●     To apply psychological tests/scales in research work.

●     To provide personal, educational and vocational guidance to their students in future by administering various psychological tests/scales.

Beneficiaries

All B.Ed. students of the Department of Education have access to lab equipments/tests/scales with strict adherence to the SOPs.

Procedures used in Psychology Lab

The Psychology Lab helps students in acquiring the functional knowledge, understanding and application of psychological laws, principles, theories, concepts, processes, etc. in the following ways: 

●  Training in scientific investigation/method/enquiry for describing, explaining and predicting behaviours or mental processes.

●   Examining the possible relationships between variables affecting behaviours or mental processes by controlling the confounding variables.

●     Defining variables operationally.

●     Formulating research questions/hypotheses regarding behaviours or mental processes.

● Designing and performing psychological experiments using equipments/tests/scales for answering research questions or testing hypotheses.

●     Operating equipments/tests/scales carefully.

●  Administering the tests/scales over the required sample/participants and scoring them as per their respective administrative and scoring procedures.

●     Collecting data using quantitative and qualitative techniques.

●     Analysing data using appropriate statistical techniques.

●     Interpreting results from the analysed data for drawing conclusions.

●     Writing a report of a psychological experiment in notebooks in the desired format.

●     Eliminating or controlling for any bias as a researcher at every step of scientific investigation.

●     Learning about the delimitations, limitations and ethical considerations of psychological enquiry

Rules and Regulations

● Only bonafide Students of B.Ed. have access to lab equipments/tests/scales based on their prescribed course curriculum.

●All the prospective teachers are required to enter the log register every time before using the equipments/tests/scales of the lab.

●     The Lab Assistant will issue the equipments/tests/scales and get it back after verifying.

●     In case of improper equipments/tests/scales, will not be issued to the students by the Lab In-charge.

●     Lab In-charge will illustrate the administrative and scoring procedures of equipments/tests/scales before allowing the students to use it.

●     All students have to follow proper precautions while using any equipments/tests/scales.

●     Food, drinks and refreshments are strictly prohibited in the lab.

●     Talking loudly and using mobile phones are not allowed in the lab.

●     Relocation and replacement of any equipments/tests/scales is not allowed.

●     While using the laboratory be considerate.

●     Immediately report the problems related to the laboratory to the Lab In-charge, if any.

●     Users are expected to keep the lab neat, clean and tidy.

●     Users are free to provide their feedback in the suggestion book.

Timings of Psychology Lab

The facilities in the Psychology Lab are available during the working hours. Though, one period is allotted per week for all B.Ed. students.

The social science teachers have occasionally used the slogan, ‘The World is our Laboratory’. The ideal behind this expression is admirable because Social Science students are always found scurrying across the landscape gathering data and enriching the classroom with findings. The laboratory furnishes a ready and rich platform of learning by doing. Social Science Lab provides rich academic experiences of worldly knowledge and sharpens cognitive and cooperative learning. The pupil teachers get the opportunity of learning with fun. They learn to investigate neighbourhoods, communities and larger socio-political units through a social science lab and analyse how they are embedded in our everyday lives and how evidence and data can be used.

In accordance with the guidelines of NCTE (National Council for Teacher Education), The Department of Education, AMU Centre Murshidabad has a Social Science Lab, well furnished with a seating capacity of 20-25 students at a time, focusing on skills that includes, globes, topographical maps, projector, geographical 3D models, historical political maps of various expires and civilizations, geographical and political charts, models made by B.Ed. students during internship and exhibitions

Objectives

Social Science Lab is set up in the Department of Education to achieve the following objectives:

●  To identify the existence of a multiplicity of scientific methods, interrelationships between social science and technology.

●     To equip prospective teachers and scholars with the latest and the advanced materials and supplies.

●     To provide first-hand experience in observation of the materials of social science.

●     To understand the nature of social science, contemporary social enterprise, social scientists and how they work.

●     To cater to the needs of high and low achievers keeping in mind the individual differences of students.

Beneficiaries

All B.Ed. students (Social Science group) of the Department of Education have access to the Social Science Lab with strict adherence to the SOPs.

Procedures used Social Science Lab

The Social Science Lab can contribute in various ways in teaching-learning of social science subjects. Some of them are as follows: 

●      Read carefully the procedures before conducting any experiments or research.

●      Perform only those experiments assigned by the subject teacher.

●      Avoid using damaged electrical equipments and immediately report to Lab In-charge.

●      Active experiments should not be left unattended like anything being heated or is visibly reacting. 

●      Always practice good personal hygiene.

●      Clean and decontaminate all laboratory pieces of equipments, table tops, benchtops, cabinets and shelves.

Rules and Regulations

● All the prospective teachers are required to make an entry in to the Log Book every time before using the equipments, charts, globes, etc.

●     Equipments issued to the students for specific purposes is to be returned in good working condition after use.

●     Electrical equipments and globes of the lab will not be issued to take outside.

●     Lab In-charge is authorized to check the working condition of the issued equipments when it is returned.

●     First timers are advised to seek training from the Lab In-charge before using any apparatus or instruments

●     A register is maintained for the purpose of identifying broken/damaged items and new orders with the signature of teachers and students.

●     Food, drinks and refreshments are strictly prohibited in the lab.

●     Talking loudly and using mobile phones are not allowed in the lab.

●     Relocation and replacement of any equipments is not allowed.

●     While using the laboratory be considerate.

●     Immediately report the problems related to the laboratory to the Lab In-charge, if any.

●     Users are expected to keep the lab neat, clean and tidy.

●     Users are free to provide their feedback in the suggestion book.

TimeLine and Safety

The instruments used in the laboratory are meant for experiments, projects and activities being performed within the confines of four walls. In general, to conduct social science experiments must be properly handled and maintained. The rules for proper care and handling of the instruments or tools are as under:

●       Keep the apparatus/ instruments safely in its proper/ assigned place.

●       Apparatus/instruments need to be handled with care to prevent them from damage.

●       Cover the apparatus when not in use to prevent it from dust.

●       All apparatus need to be checked regularly by the lab in-charge/ instructor for their optimum function.

The facilities of the lab are available during the working hours. Though, the students of different pedagogical subjects such as civics, history, economics, geography can also avail the lab facilities as per allotted period.

Objectives

Science Lab is set up in the Department of Education to achieve the following objectives:

●     To identify the existence of an assortment of scientific methods, interrelationships between science and technology among various disciplines of science.

●     To equip prospective teachers with the latest and advanced materials and supplies.

●     To provide first-hand experience in observation and manipulation of the materials of science.

●     To understand the nature of science, scientific enterprise, scientists and how they work.

●     To meet the individual differences of students including high and low achievers.

Beneficiaries

All B.Ed. students (Science group) of the Department of Education have access to Science Lab with strict adherence to SOPs. 

Procedures used in Science Lab

The Science Lab can contribute in various ways in teaching-learning of the science subjects. Some of them are as follows: 

●        Read carefully the procedures and associated safety information before conducting any experiment.

●        Perform only those experiments assigned by subject teacher.

●        Avoid using damaged electrical equipments and immediately report to Lab In-charge.

●        Active experiments should not be left unattended like anything being heated or is visibly reacting. 

●        Always practice good personal hygiene.

●  Properly use protective equipments while working in the laboratory such as eye protection goggles, gloves, laboratory coat, etc.

●        Properly segregate and dispose of laboratory waste in the specified bin.

●        Clean and decontaminate all laboratory pieces of equipments, table tops, benchtops, cabinets and shelves.

General Safety Rules

●        Make sure you are fully aware of the building’s evacuation procedures. 

●        Make sure that you know about safety equipments of the lab including First Aid Kit(s), Fire Extinguishers, etc.

●        All the students should know the emergency phone numbers to be used during an emergency.

●        Strictly follow the laboratory dress code.

●     For females, secure your shawl and stoles with safety pins, avoid anything loose that may catch fire, tie back loose long hair, avoid dangling jewellery, etc.

●     Use footwear that covers the foot completely and avoid wearing sandals, slippers or other open-toed shoes in the lab.

Rules and Regulations

●  All the prospective teachers are required to enter the log register every time before using the equipments and chemicals.

●     Equipments issued to the students for a specific purpose must be returned in good working condition after the use.

●     Chemicals of the Science Lab will not be issued to carry outside the lab.

●     The Lab In-charge is authorized to check the working condition of the issued equipments when it is returned.

●     Before using a piece of chemicals/equipments for the first time, seek training from the lab In-charge.

●     A breakage and order register is maintained in the lab where broken equipments and orders are recorded with the students’ and teachers’ signatures.

●     Food, drinks and refreshments are strictly prohibited in the lab.

●     Talking loudly and using mobile phones are not allowed in the lab.

●     Relocation and replacement of any equipments is not allowed.

●     While using the laboratory be considerate.

●     Immediately report the problems related to the laboratory to the Lab In-charge, if any.

●     Users are expected to keep the lab neat, clean and tidy.

●     Users are free to provide their feedback in the suggestion book.

Timings of Science Lab

The facilities in the Science Lab are available during the working hours. Though, two periods are allotted per week for B.Ed. students of science group.

Objectives

ICT Lab is set up in the Department of Education to achieve the following objectives:

●     To enable the prospective teachers to use the various tools and techniques of ICT in their teaching learning process.

●  To make the prospective teachers competent and confident in utilisation of ICT tools in their teaching learning process.

●    To equip prospective teachers with the appropriate computational skills required to become more productive in the teaching learning process.

●     To understand the role of ICT in Education.

●     To enable the prospective teachers to develop ICT based teaching-learning resources.

Beneficiaries

All B.Ed. students of the Department of Education have access to the ICT Lab with strict adherence to the SOPs. 

Rules and Regulations

●     Lab users must sign in and out of the lab.

●     Mobile phones must be turned off. If students need to use mobile phones, they may go to hallways.

●     Electronic devices should be used cautiously and with care.

●     Priority will be given for course-related use of ICT Tools in the lab.

●     Use of ICT Tools for non-academic purposes is strictly prohibited.

●     Using ICT Tools for abusive and unethical activities may result in expulsion from the lab and denial for future use of the lab.

●     Lab In-charge should maintain lab operations and provide help when students need it.

●     Software may be installed by the lab staff only. Students are not allowed to install any software on their own. Lab staff can remove the files uploaded by the students.

●     Students are not allowed to modify tools and software of the lab.

●     Copying software without appropriate authorization violates the guidelines.

●     Illegal use of materials in the lab is grounds for denial of use of the lab and confiscation of illegally used materials.

●     Students have to contact lab In-charge for any hardware, software, printer, paper or ink related problems.

●     Food items and tobacco are strictly prohibited in ICT Lab.

●     Students must follow the given guidelines of the lab. In case of any violation may result in an form expulsion or fine.

Timings of ICT Lab

The facilities of the lab are available during the working hours. Though, two periods are allotted per week for all B.Ed. students.