LL.M Specialisation: Criminal Law

PSO 1: Substantive Criminal Law and Criminal Justice System

Students will be able to demonstrate advanced understanding of substantive criminal law, principles of criminal liability, general defences, criminal justice institutions, investigation, prosecution, trial process and the functioning of courts, police and correctional agencies.

PSO 2: Penology, Victimology and Rights-Based Criminal Process

Students will be able to critically analyse theories of punishment, sentencing, prison administration, probation, parole, victimology, victim compensation, custodial violence, rights of accused persons and rights of victims within the constitutional and human rights framework.

PSO 3: Contemporary Criminal Law, Economic Offences and Research Orientation

Students will be able to examine contemporary criminal law challenges, including corporate frauds, economic offences, regulatory enforcement and international criminal law, and undertake specialised research on criminal justice issues with analytical, reform-oriented and policy-sensitive perspectives.

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LL.M Specialisation: Family Law

PSO 1: Personal Laws and Family Law Foundations

Students will be able to demonstrate advanced understanding of family law and personal-law systems, including Hindu Law, Muslim Law, Islamic jurisprudence, sources of personal laws, family institutions and their relationship with the Indian legal system.

PSO 2: Family Relations, Property and Dispute Resolution

Students will be able to critically analyse and apply legal principles relating to marriage, divorce, maintenance, dower, adoption, guardianship, custody, legitimacy, succession, gifts, wills, waqf and family property disputes in the light of statutory law, judicial decisions and contemporary social needs.

PSO 3: Comparative, Constitutional and Rights-Based Family Law Analysis

Students will be able to examine family-law issues from comparative, constitutional, gender-justice, child-rights and human-rights perspectives, including cross-border family disputes, domestic violence, inter-country adoption, parental responsibility and emerging challenges in family relations.

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LL.M Specialisation: Labour Law

PSO 1: Industrial Relations and Labour Justice

Students will be able to demonstrate advanced understanding of industrial relations, trade unions, collective bargaining, industrial disputes, disciplinary mechanisms, grievance redressal, conciliation, arbitration and the role of labour law in maintaining industrial peace and labour justice.

PSO 2: Wages, Social Security, Occupational Safety and Labour Welfare

Students will be able to critically analyse and apply laws relating to wages, bonus, remuneration, social security, employees' compensation, provident fund, gratuity, maternity benefits, occupational safety, labour welfare and protection of organised, unorganised, contract, migrant and vulnerable workers.

PSO 3: International Labour, Environmental and Contemporary Regulatory Governance

Students will be able to examine labour-law issues in the light of international labour standards, environmental governance, sustainable development, human rights, equality, non-discrimination, corporate accountability, globalisation, technological change, platform work, gig work and emerging models of employment regulation.

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LL.M Specialisation: Constitutional Law

PSO 1: Civil Liberties and Constitutional Rights

Students will be able to demonstrate advanced understanding of civil liberties, fundamental rights, equality, non-discrimination, freedoms, social justice and the constitutional protection of individual and group rights in India.

PSO 2: Constitutional Governance and Administrative Law

Students will be able to critically analyse constitutional governance, rule of law, separation of powers, federalism, delegated legislation, administrative discretion, principles of natural justice, tribunals, judicial review and accountability of public authorities.

PSO 3: Comparative Constitutionalism and Public Law Analysis

Students will be able to examine constitutional issues from comparative and public-law perspectives, including Indian, English and American constitutional systems, parliamentary institutions, judicial power, constitutional interpretation and contemporary challenges to constitutionalism.

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LL.M Specialisation: Commercial Law

PSO 1: Commercial Transactions, Contracts and E-Commerce

Students will be able to demonstrate advanced understanding of commercial contracts, specific contracts, international sale of goods, carriage of goods, bills of lading, letters of credit, bank guarantees, electronic contracts, e-commerce transactions, foreign exchange regulation, customs law, WTO framework and international trade transactions.

PSO 2: Corporate Law, Governance and Regulatory Compliance

Students will be able to critically analyse corporate personality, limited liability, company formation, company constitution, directors' duties, shareholder rights, corporate governance, oppression and mismanagement, securities regulation, competition law, insolvency law and regulatory compliance in corporate and commercial affairs.

PSO 3: Intellectual Property, Digital Commerce and Commercial Dispute Resolution

Students will be able to examine intellectual property rights, TRIPS, patents, trademarks, designs, trade secrets, biodiversity, traditional knowledge, cyber-related commercial disputes, digital transaction risks, international commercial arbitration, enforcement of foreign awards and emerging issues in commercial and business regulation.

PO Review Committee

(2026-2027)

Faculty of Law

AMU, Aligarh